1923 was a bad year for anthrax outbreaks across South Dakota. Newspapers from across the state were filled with reports of the disease plaguing farmers and ranchers. These photographs were taken in 1923 by Arthur W. Tompkins, Hamlin County agent.
On Aug. 17th, 1923, The Sioux Falls Argus Leader reported that Hayti farmer, Louis Shelstra lost 10 heads of purebred Holsteins to the disease and that the rest of his cattle, and cattle from adjoining farms, have all been vaccinated. However, veterinarian Dr. S. W. Allen issued a warning for Codington County farmers to be alert for symptoms in their herds. Hamlin County Extension Agent Tompkins called for a meeting of all farmers to discuss the control and prevention of the disease. The article mentioned that the outbreak in neighboring Clark County is being brought under control by continuing vaccination of herds. Anthrax is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. The anthrax spores can lie dormant in the soil for up to 20 years. The spores get into the body where they are activated by the water, sugars and other nutrients, turning into a deadly disease. Dr. G. S. Weaver, South Dakota State College Extension Veterinarian stated in the Aug. 4th, 1923 edition of Sioux Falls Argus Leader, that loamy soils with plenty of moisture promote the spore's growth. The method of disposing of the dead animals is to burn them.