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College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions

Xiangming Guan

Xiangming Guan

Title

Professor Emeritus of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Office Building

Avera Health and Science Center

Office

271

Mailing Address

Avera Health and Science 271
College Of Pharmacy-Box 2202C
University Station
Brookings, SD 57007

Education

  • Ph.D. in medicinal chemistry | University of Kansas | 1991
  • M.S. in medicinal chemistry | University of Kansas | 1988
  • B.S. in pharmacy | Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China | 1982

Committees and Professional Memberships

  • American Chemical Society, Division of Medicinal Chemistry
  • American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
  • Rho Chi Honorary Society
  • Chinese-American Chemistry and Chemical Biology Professors Association (CAPA), President (2018-2020)

Awards and Honors

  • 1987, Arthur W. Davidson Award for outstanding achievement as a graduate student in one of the chemically-based disciplines, University of Kansas Chapter of Phi Lambda Upsilon (national honorary chemical society).
  • 1991, The 6th Annual Graduate Honor Award from the School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas.
  • 1991, Irsay-Dahle Award as an outstanding graduate student in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas.
  • 1998, College of Pharmacy Faculty Recognition Award for Research and Scholarship for 1997-1998 from the College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University.
  • 2001, College of Pharmacy Faculty Recognition Award for Research and Scholarship for 2000-2001 from the College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University.
  • 2008-2009 Teacher of the Year South Dakota State University Students’ Association
  • College of Pharmacy 2010 Distinguished Researchers and Scholars
  • 2017 F. O. Butler Award for Excellence in Research, South Dakota State University

Grants

  • An, W., Guan, X., Perumal, O., Reineke J. and Tummala, H. Enhancing the Capacity and Competitiveness of Cancer Research at South Dakota State University. SDBOR Research and Development Innovation Grants, Aug. 22, 2018 - June 15, 2020, $278,111.50.
  • Guan, X., Fang, Y. and Yan, X. Benzofurazan sulfide fluorogenic agents for live cell subcellular thiol imaging. National Institutes of Health, May 1, 2014 - April 30, 2018, $327,503.
  • Guan, X., Fang, Y. and Yan, X. Thiol specific fluorogenic agents for laser scanning confocal microscopy. National Institutes of Health, May, 2010 - September, 2013, $430,296.
  • Dwivedi, C., Guan, X., Palakurthi, S., Ren, C. and Wang, X. Inhibition of glutathione reductase and ovarian cancer drug resistance reversal. National Institutes of Health, May 1, 2006 - April 30, 2010, $213,083.00.
  • Dwivedi, C., Guan, X., McFarland, D. Glutathione reductase and tumor sensitivity to radiation. National Institutes of Health, May 1, 2003 - April 30, 2006, $140,843.
  • Guan, X., McFarland, D. and Wang, B. Study of antitumor mechanism of diarylsulfonylureas. National Institutes of Health, April 15, 1999 - April 30, 2003, $105,000.
  • Guan, X. Development of Thiol Specific Fluorescence Agents. South Dakota State University, 2008-2009, $7,000.
  • Guan, X. and Palakurthi, S. Inhibition of Glutathione Reductase as a Novel Approach to Reverse Ovarian Cancer Resistance to Chemotherapy. 2005 Governor Rounds’ Individual Research Seed Grant Awards, September 1, 2005 - August 30, 2006, $29,226.
  • Guan, X. Development of Novel Glutathione Reductase Inhibitors. South Dakota State University, 2002-2003, $7,000.
  • Guan, X., Mukherjee, S., Sonee, M. and Wang, C. The effect of Soy Phytochemicals on Human Cortical Neuronal Cells. Ethel Austin Martin Program in Human Nutrition at Ƶ, 2000-2001, $15,000.
  • Guan, X. Glutathione reductase inhibitors as novel antitumor agents and agents to reverse tumor resistance. South Dakota State University (Ƶ) Research Support Fund, 1998-1999, $5,000.
  • Dwivedi, C., Guan, X. and Perumal, O. Localized Transcutaneous Delivery of Endoxifen for Estrogen Dependent Breast Cancer. Department of Defense, September 30, 2011 - September 30, 2012, $107,251.00.
  • Dwivedi, C., Guan, X. and Palakurthi, S. Novel polyamine-conjugated dendrimers for the pretargeted chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, July 20, 2006 - June 30, 2009, $213,000.
  • Davies, G., Guan, X. and Palakurthi, S. Novel Targeting approach for breast cancer gene therapy. Department of Defense, September 2008 - August 2009, $108,375.
  • Guan, X. and Fang, Y. The Role of PRRSV Nonstructural Protein 2 in Viral Replication. USDA-NRI, PRRSV integrated, August, 2006 - July, 2007, $75,835.
  • Dwivedi, C. and Guan, X. Skin cancer prevention by -santalol. National Institutes of Health, 1999-2003, $105,000.
  • Guan, X. and Seefeldt, T. Teaching and Scholarly Fund Molecular Modeling in a Graduate Level Medicinal Chemistry Course. South Dakota State University Scholarly Excellence Funds, 2014-2015, $4,000.
  • Brown, M., Dey, M., Hemachand Tummala, Guan, X., Gudiseva, C., Jin, Z., Kaushik, R., Li, F.,  Perumal, O., Rahman, S., Rohila, J., Subramanyan, S. and Zhang, H. Acquisition of an in-vivo Imaging System for Small Animals and Plants. South Dakota Research & Development Innovation Grant, 2013, $100,000.
  • Brozel, V., Cole-Dai, J., Logue, B., Miller, M., Raynie, D., Rice, J., Qiao, Q., You, Y. MRI: Acquisition of liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometer for a multi-user core mass spectrometry facility. National Science Foundation, 2010, $522,613.
  • Krishnan, P., Matthees, D., Muthu, K., Preuss, C., Wang, C.Y. Acquisition of Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998, $50,000.
  • Dwivedi, C., Halaweish, F.T. and Singh, Y.N. Acquisition of Cell Culture and Tissue Analysis Facilities. Ƶ Instrumentation Fund, 1999, $10,000.
  • Upgrade of a 300 MHz NMR Spectrometer. National Science Foundation, 2000, $80,000.
  • Dwivedi, C., Halaweish, F.T., Mukherjee, S. and Singh, Y.N., Acquisition of Cell Culture and Tissue Analysis Facilities. EPSCoR Internal Instrumentation Grant, 2000, $31,000.
  • Updating Research Infrastructure in the College of Pharmacy. EPSCoR Internal Instrumentation Grant, 2003, $20,000.
  • Molecular mechanism study of antitumor activity of diarylsulfonylureas 
    Merck Research Scholar Program Award, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 1997-1998. $8,000.
  • Asymmetric synthesis of -alkylated -amino acids. Joseph F. Nelson Undergraduate Research Mentorship, Ƶ, June 1, 1998 - May 30, 1999, $3,000.
  • Investigation of G0013’s effect on tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Joseph F. Nelson Undergraduate Research Mentorship, Ƶ, June 1, 1999-May 30, 2000, $3,000.
  • Development of a highly specific and sensitive quantitation method for glutathione in biological samples. Joseph F. Nelson Undergraduate Research Mentorship, Ƶ, June 1, 2000 - May 30, 2001, $3,000.
  • Investigation of G0013’s effect on tumor resistance to chemotherapy. AFPE “Gateway” Research Scholarship, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 2000-2001, $5,000.
  • Development of novel glutathione reductase inhibitors. Merck Research Scholar Program Award for Professional Degree Pharmacy Students, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 2002-2003, $5,500.
  • Determination of cysteine content in the kidneys of different animal species and the role of kidney cysteine in the formation of mercapturic acid conjugates. South Dakota EPSCoR Rushmore Undergraduate Research Fellowship, 2002, $3,000.
  • Mercapturic acid biosynthesis in different mammalian species. South Dakota EPSCoR Rushmore Undergraduate Research Fellowship, 2003, $3,000.
  • Determination of the enzyme(s) for cysteine conjugation. South Dakota EPSCoR Rushmore Undergraduate Research Fellowship, 2003, $3,000.
  • Investigation of G0021’s Effect on Tumor Resistance to Chemotherapy. South Dakota EPSCoR Rushmore Undergraduate Research Fellowship, 2004, $3,000.
  • Investigation of G0021’s Effect on the Resistance of Ovarian Cancer to Cisplatin. Joseph F. Nelson Undergraduate Research Mentorship, Ƶ, 2004, $3,000.
  • Investigation of G0026’s Effect on Tumor Resistance to L-PAM. Joseph F. Nelson Undergraduate Research Mentorship, Ƶ, 2005, $3,000.
  • Microtubule Glutathionylation as a Novel Target for the Development of Anticancer Agents. Undergraduate Research Mentorship from the Ƶ Honor College, 2011, $3,000.

Patents

  1. Guan, X.; Li, YH.; Yang, Y. Benzofurazan Compounds and Methods, US Provisional App No. 61/649,167, filed on May 18, 2012.
  2. Guan, X.; Dwivedi, C.; Seefeldt, T.; Sadhu, S. GSSG Liposomes and Cancer Treatments, U.S. Provisional App No. 61903522, filed on November 13, 2013.
  3. Guan, X.; Dwivedi, C.; Seefeldt, T.; Sadhu, S. Anti-metastatic effect of Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes, U.S. Provisional App No. 62077470, filed on November 10, 2014.
  4. Combination Uses of Dichloroacetate and Oxamate, and Their Prodrugs, for Cancer Treatment, Guan, X.; Dwivedi, C.; Li, YH.; Yang, Y.; Lee, J.; Miskimins, K. U.S. Provisional App No. 61/985,876, filed on April 29, 2014.
  5. Combination Uses of Dichloroacetate and Oxamate, and Their Prodrugs, for Cancer Treatment, Guan, X.; Dwivedi, C.; Li, YH.; Yang, Y.; Lee, J.; Miskimins, K. U.S. patent App No. 14/699.946, filed on April 29, 2015.
  6. Guan, X., Dwivedi, C., Seefeldt, T., Sadhu, S. Glutathione Disulfide Compositions and Related Methods for the Treatment of Cancer, United States Patent Application No. 14/875,862, filed on October 6, 2015
  7. Guan, X.; Dwivedi, C.; Li, YH.; Yang, Y.; Lee, J.; Miskimins, K. Combination Uses of Dichloroacetate and Oxamate, and Their Prodrugs, for Cancer Treatment. U.S. patent (US 9,556,113 B2) Date of Patent: January 31, 2017
  8. Guan, X.; Najmi, A.; Wang, S.; Huang, Y.; Seefeldt, T.; Alqahtani, Y. Glutathione-Cholesterol Derivatives as Brain Targeting Agents, US Provisional App No. 62/717,449, filed on August 10, 2018.
  9. Guan, X.; Najmi, A.; Wang, S.; Huang, Y.; Seefeldt, T.; Alqahtani, Y. Glutathione-Cholesterol Derivatives as Brain Targeting Agents, Patent application, App. Serial No. 62717449, File No. 8968718/142785, filed on August 12, 2019.
  10. Guan, X.; Najmi, A.; Wang, S.; Huang, Y.; Seefeldt, T.; Alqahtani, Y. Glutathione-Cholesterol Derivatives as Brain Targeting Agents, PCT application (PCT/US2019/00039) filed on August 12, 2019, Approved on March 25, 2021. International publication number: WO 2021/054927 A2.

Areas of Research

My current research is focused on developing anticancer agents with novel mechanism of action, agents with the brain-targeting ability and novel approaches for the treatment of cancer metastasis. We are also interested in developing thiol specific fluorogenic agents. These agents can be used to image and quantify thiols in live cells through fluorescence microscopy. Our research involves organic synthesis, bioanalytical chemistry, fluorescence microscopy, in vitro and in vivo biological activity evaluation and molecular biology.

Publications

  1. Guan X., Wang B.H., Wang S., Wolfe M.S. (Guest Editors), Special Issue in Honor of Prof. Ronald T. Borchardt on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday and for His Many Contributions to Drug Discovery and Development, August, 2024, volume 33.
  2. Guan X.Med Chem. Res.2024, 33, 1281. DOI:10.1007/s00044-024-03225-z.
  3. Wofe M.S., Guan X, Wang B.H., Wang S . Ronald T. Borchardt: a pioneer in drug discovery and development Editorial 28 June 2024 Pages: 1267.
  4. Guan X.. Medicinal Chemistry Research 2023, 32, 1972. DOI:10.1007/s00044-023-03116-9.
  5. Najmi A.,* Wang S.,* Huang Y.,* Seefeldt T., Alqahtani Y., Guan X. . Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2022, 75, 103674. DOI:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.10367 *equal contribution as the first author 
  6. Wang S., Huang Y., Guan X.. Molecules, 2021, 26, 3575. DOI:10.3390/molecules26123575.
  7. Najmi A,. Wang S., Hwang Y., Seefeldt T., Alqahtani Y., Guan X. 2-(2-Cholesteroxyethoxyl)ethyl 3’-S-glutathionylpropionate and Its Self-assembled Micelles for Brain Drug Delivery: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation, International Journal of Pharmaceutics2021, May 1;600:120520. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120520. 
  8. Alqahtani Y., Wang S., Najmi A., Huang Y., Guan X. Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(7-(N-(2-morpholinoethyl)sulfamoyl)benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-yl)sulfane (BISMORX) for Non-Protein Thiol Imaging in Lysosomes in Live Cells, Analytical Chemistry2019, 91, 15300-15307. DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04552.
  9. Alqahtani Y., Wang S., Najmi A., Huang Y., Guan X. Thiol-specific fluorogenic agent for live cell non-protein thiol  imaging in lysosomes, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry2019,&Բ;411:6463–6473.
  10. Wang S., Yin H., Huang Y., Guan X. 7,7'-Thiobis(N-rhodamine-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-4-sulfonamide) for Non-protein Thiol Fluorescence Imaging and Quantification in Mitochondria in Live Cells, Analytical Chemistry 2018, 90, 8170-8177. DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01469. 
  11. Sadhu S.S., Wang S.G., Dachineni R., Averineni R.K., Seefeldt T., Xie J., Tummala H., Bhat G. J., Guan X.In vitro and in vivo Anti-metastatic Effect of Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes. Cancer Growth and Metastasis, 2017, 10, 1-11. DOI: 10.1177/1179064417695255
  12. Sadhu S.S., Wang S.G., Dachineni R., Averineni R.K., Yang Y., Yin H.H., Bhat G. J., Guan X.In vitro and in vivo Tumor Growth Inhibition by Glutathione Disulfide Liposomes. Cancer Growth and Metastasis2017, 10, 1-10. DOI: 10.1177/1179064417696070
  13. Yang Y., Guan, X. Non-protein thiol imaging and quantification in live cells with a novel benzofurazan sulfide triphenylphosphonium fluorogenic compound, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry2017, 409, 3417-3427. DOI:10.1007/s00216-017-0285-y. 
  14. Guan X. . Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2016, 6, 510-511.
  15. Rodman S.N., Spence J.M., Ronnfeldt T.J., Zhu Y., Solst S.R., O'Neill R.A., Allen B.G., Guan X., Spitz D.R., Fath M.A. Enhancement of Radiation Response in Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibition of Thioredoxin- and Glutathione-Dependent Metabolism. Radiation Research 2016, 186, 385-395.
  16. Sadhu S.S., Wang, S., Averineni R.K., Seefeldt T., Yang Y., Guan X.In vitro and in vivo Inhibition of Melanoma Growth and Metastasis by the Drug Combination of Celecoxib and Dacarbazine. Melanoma Research2016, 26, 572-579.
  17. Sadhu S. S., Xie J., Zhang H., Perumal O., Guan X. Glutathione disulfide liposomes - a research tool for the study of glutathione disulfide associated functions and dysfunctions. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 2016, 7, 225-229.
  18. Chen W., Jiang Z., Lin N., Zheng Z., Chen Z., Zhang X., Guan X. . Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 2016, 31, 229-35.
  19. Guan X. Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2015, 5, 402-418. 
  20. Yang Y., Guan X. Rapid and Thiol-Specific High-Throughput Assay for Simultaneous Relative Quantification of Total Thiols, Protein Thiols and Nonprotein Thiols in Cells, Analytical Chemistry2015, 87, 649-655.
  21. Sadhu S.S., Callegari E., Zhao Y., Guan X. and Seefeldt T. Evaluation of a Dithiocarbamate Inhibitor of Human Glutaredoxin-1. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2013, 28, 456-62.
  22. Li Y.H., Yang Y., Guan X. Benzofurazan Sulfides for Thiol Imaging and Quantification in Live Cells through Fluorescence Microscopy, Analytical Chemistry2012, 84, 6877-6883. (NIHMS394213, Publ.ID: ac301306s) 
  23. Chen W., Seefeldt T., Young A., Zhang X., Zhao Y., Ruffolo J., Radhey Kaushik R., Guan X. Microtubule S-Glutathionylation as a Potential Approach for Antimitotic Agents, BMC Cancer2012, June 15;12:245.
  24. Venuganti V.V., Sahdev P., Hildreth M., Guan X., Perumal O. Structure-Skin Permeability Relationship of Dendrimers. Pharmaceutical Research2011, 28, 2246-2260.
  25. Chen W., Seefeldt T., Young A., Zhang X., Guan X. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Acetyl-S-(p-chlorophenylcarbamoyl)cysteine (NACC) and Its Analogs as a Novel Class of Anticancer Agents. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry2011, 19, 287-294.
  26. Chen Z., Lawson S., Sun, Z., Zhou X., Guan X., Christopher-Hennings J., Nelson E.A., Fang Y. Identification of two auto-cleavage products of nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infected cells: nsp1 function as interferon antagonist. Virology2010,398, 87-97.
  27. Zhao Y., Seefeldt T., Chen W., Carlson L., Stoebner A., Hanson S., Foll R., Matthees D.P., Palakurthi S., Guan X. Increase in thiol oxidative stress via glutathione reductase inhibition as a novel approach to enhance cancer sensitivity to x-ray irradiation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2009, 47, 176-183.
  28. Zhao Y., Seefeldt T., Chen W., Wang X., Matthees D., Hu Y., Guan X. Effects of glutathione reductase inhibition on cellular thiol redox and related systems. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics2009, 485, 56-62. 
  29. Seefeldt T., Zhao Y., Chen W., Raza A., Carlson L., Herman J., Stoebner A., Hanson S., Foll R., Guan X. Characterization of a novel dithiocarbamate glutathione reductase inhibitor and its use as a tool to modulate intracellular glutathione. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2009, 284, 2729-2737.
  30. Chen W., Zhao Y., Seefeldt T., Guan X. Determination of thiols and disulfides via HPLC quantification of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2008, 48, 1375–1380.
  31. Pisal D.S., Yellepeddi V.K., Kumar A., Kaushik R.S., Hildreth M.B., Guan X., Palakurthi S. Permeability of surface-modified polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers across Caco-2 cell monolayers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics2008, 350, 113-121.
  32. Dwivedi C., Valluri H.B., Guan X., Agarwal R. Chemopreventive effects of a-santalol on ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin tumor development in SKH-hairless mice. Carcinogenesis.2006, 27, 1917-1922.
  33. Seefeldt T., Dwivedi C., Peitz G., Carlson L., Herman J., Zhang Z., Guan X. 2-Acetylamino-3-[4-(2-acetylamino-2-carboxy-ethylsulfanylcarbonylamino)phenylcarbamoyl-sulfanyl]propionic acid and its derivatives as a novel class of glutathione reductase inhibitors. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry2005, 48, 5224-5231.
  34. Dwivedi C., Maydew E.R., Hora J.J., Ramaeker D.M., Guan X. Chemopreventive effects of various concentrations of alpha-santalol on skin cancer development in CD-1 mice. European Journal of Cancer Prevention2005 14, 473-476. 
  35. Kaur M., Agarwal C., Singh R. P., Dwivedi C., Guan X., Agarwal R. Skin cancer chemopreventive agent, alpha-Santalol , induces apoptotic death of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells via caspases activation together with dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochorme c release. Carcinogenesis2005, 26, 369-380.
  36. Guan X, Dwivedi C., Kim S. Y., Fine T., Ratzsch A., Seefeldt T., Peitz G., Zhang Z. Mercapturic Acid Biosynthesis of 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in Rat Kidney. Current Topics in Toxicology.2004, 1, 153-160.
  37. Dwivedi C., Guan X., Harmsen W.L., Voss A.L., Goetz-Parten D.E., Koopman E.M., Johnson K.M., Valluri H.B., Matthees D.P.  Chemopreventive Effects of alpha-Santalol on Skin Tumor Development in Cd-1 and Sencar mice. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention2003, 12, 151-156.
  38. Guan X., Hoffman B., Dwivedi C., Matthees D.P. A Simultaneous Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Assay of Glutathione, Cysteine, Homocysteine and Their Disulfides in Biological Samples. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis2003, 31, 251-261.
  39. Guan X., Hoffman B.N., McFarland D.C., Gilkerson K.K., Dwivedi C., Erickson A.K., Bebensee S., Pellegrini J. Glutathione and mercapturic acid conjugates of sulofenur and their activity against a human colon cancer cell line. Drug Metabolism and Disposition2002, 30, 331-335.
  40. Dwivedi C., Ingalls E.J., Guan, X. Biodistribution of cocaine and cocaethylene during perinatal period after concurrent administration of cocaine and ethanol to rats. Research communications in alcohol and substances of abuse 2001, 22, 1-12.                                                                             
  41. Guan X., Davis M. R., Tang C., Jochheim C. M., Jin L., Baillie T.A. Identification of S-(n-Butylcarbamoyl)glutathione, a Reactive Metabolite of Tolbutamide in the Rat, and Evaluation of Its Inhibitory Effects on Glutathione Reductase in vitro. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1999, 12, 1138-1143.
  42. Guan X. Diarylsulfonylureas – a new class of antitumor agents. Investigational Drugs1998,1, 334-338.
  43. Guan X., Fisher M.B., Lang D.H., Zheng Y.M., Koop D.R., Rettie A.E. Cytochrome P450-dependent desaturation of lauric acid: isoform selectivity and mechanism of formation of 11-dodecenoic acid. Chemico-Biological Interactions.1998, 110, 103-121. 
  44. Shirley M.A., Guan X., Kaiser D.G., Halstead G.W., Baillie T.A. Taurine Conjugation of Ibuprofen in Humans and in Rat Liver in vitro. Relationship to Metabolic Chiral Inversion. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1994, 269, 1166-1175.
  45. Guan X., Davis M.R., Jin L., Baillie T.A. Identification of S-(n-Butylcarbamoyl)-glutathione, a Reactive Carbamoylating Agent as a Biliary Metabolite of Benomyl in the Rat. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry1994, 42, 2953-2957.
  46. Guan X., Borchardt R.T. A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Indole-3-acetic Acids. Tetrahedron Letters1994, 35, 3013-3016.
  47. Georg G.I., Guan X. Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Alkylated a-Amino Acids: Azocane-2-carboxylic Acids. Tetrahedron Letters1992, 33, 17.
  48. Georg G.I., Guan X., Kant J. Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Alkylated a-Amino Acids: Azepane-2-carboxylic Acids. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters1991, 1, 125.
  49. Georg G.I., Mashava P., Guan X. An Improved Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of b-Lactams from Carboxylic Acids and Imines. Tetrahedron Letters1991, 32, 581.
  50. Georg G.I., Guan X., Kant J. Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Alkylated, a-Amino Acids via Schmidt Rearrangement of a,a-Bisalkylated b-Keto Esters. Tetrahedron Letters1988, 29, 403.
  51. Lu D., Chao Y., Guan X. Synthesis of a Long-Acting Androgenic Hormone Testosterone Undecanoate. Zhejiang Yike Daxue Xuebao, 1983, 12, 127. (Chemical Abstracts, 1984, 100, 156863c.)

Book Chapters

  1. Guan, X. Metabolic Activation and Drug Targeting. In Drug Delivery Principles and Applications. Wang, B., Hu, L., Siahaan, T., Eds.; 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons: New York, 2016; pp 383-434.
  2. Guan, X. Metabolic Activation and Drug Targeting. In Drug Delivery Principles and Applications. Wang, B., Siahaan, T., Soltero, R., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 2005; pp 201-244.
  3. Guan, X. The role of drug metabolism in drug discovery. In Evaluation of Drug Candidates for Preclinical Development: Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, Pharmaceutics, and Toxicology. Davis, C., Wang, B., Han, C., Eds; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 2010; pp 109-133.

Department(s)